Definition
Bad debt is accounts receivable that are unlikely to be collected. It reduces profit and can create sudden cash strain if not forecasted.
How to use it
- Track bad debt rate by segment, payment terms, and cohort month.
- Age receivables and flag accounts that pass your collection threshold.
- Use credit checks, deposit requirements, or shorter terms for higher-risk segments.
- Review write-offs vs allowance so expected losses are visible before cash gaps hit.
Common mistakes
- Treating bad debt as a one-time event instead of a recurring rate.
- Mixing cash timing with revenue recognition (watch the AR ledger).
- Ignoring concentration risk in a few large customers.
Why this matters
This term matters because cash timing and risk are usually the difference between a plan that works on paper and a plan that survives. Use consistent definitions so decisions are comparable over time.
Practical checklist
- Write a 1-line definition for "Bad Debt" that your team will use consistently.
- Keep the time window consistent (weekly/monthly/quarterly) when comparing trends.
- Segment results (channel/plan/cohort) before drawing big conclusions from blended averages.
- Sanity-check with a related calculator from the same category on MetricKit.
- Read the related guide (e.g., Cash conversion cycle: turn working capital into runway) for context and common pitfalls.
Where to use this on MetricKit
Calculators
- Option Pool Shuffle Calculator: Estimate founder dilution impact when the option pool is increased to a target percent of post-money (simplified).
- SAFE Conversion Calculator: Estimate how a SAFE converts in a priced round using a valuation cap and/or discount (simplified).
- Convertible Note Conversion Calculator: Estimate how a convertible note converts in a priced round with interest plus a valuation cap and/or discount (simplified).
- Liquidation Preference Calculator (1x): Estimate investor proceeds at exit under a simple 1x non-participating liquidation preference vs converting to common (simplified).
- Multiple Valuation Calculator: Estimate enterprise value and equity value from a metric (ARR or revenue) and a valuation multiple (with net debt adjustments).
Guides
- Cash conversion cycle: turn working capital into runway: A practical guide to the cash conversion cycle (CCC): how AR/AP timing changes cash, how to reduce days outstanding, and why runway depends on working capital.