Finance

Income Statement (P&L)

An income statement (P&L) summarizes revenue and expenses over a period. It shows profitability, but not necessarily cash timing.

Updated 2026-01-24

Definition

An income statement (P&L) summarizes revenue and expenses over a period. It shows profitability, but not necessarily cash timing.

How to use it

  • Use P&L to evaluate unit economics and margins; use cash flow to evaluate runway.
  • Be explicit about non-cash items (depreciation, accruals) when reconciling to cash.

Measured as

Measure Income Statement (P&L) with the same date, unit basis, and accounting or policy definitions used in the rest of your model.

Operator takeaway

  • Use P&L to evaluate unit economics and margins; use cash flow to evaluate runway.
  • Be explicit about non-cash items (depreciation, accruals) when reconciling to cash.
  • Tie Income Statement (P&L) to the same balance-sheet date, scenario, and decision memo you are using elsewhere in the model.
  • Document which claims, costs, or adjustments your team includes before comparing numbers across forecasts, covenants, or valuation work.

Next decision

  • Read Unit economics hub: CAC, LTV, payback, and runway (a practical stack) if the decision depends on interpretation, policy, or trade-offs beyond the raw formula.
  • Decide whether Income Statement (P&L) belongs in cash planning, valuation, or debt monitoring so the number is used in the right model.

Where to use this on MetricKit

Guides