Unit economics dashboard: LTV, CAC, payback, and what to improve

A practical guide to unit economics: how to compute gross profit LTV, CAC payback, and LTV:CAC (and what levers improve them).

Updated 2026-01-28

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What unit economics tells you

Unit economics evaluates whether acquiring a customer creates enough gross profit to justify acquisition cost, and whether payback is fast enough for your cash constraints.

Core metrics

  • Gross profit LTV: expected gross profit from a customer over their lifetime.
  • CAC payback: months to recover CAC from monthly gross profit.
  • LTV:CAC: value relative to acquisition cost (helpful, but not sufficient).

How to improve the dashboard

  • Increase ARPA: pricing, packaging, upsells, better monetization.
  • Increase gross margin: reduce COGS/variable costs, optimize infra and support.
  • Reduce churn: activation, onboarding, product quality, customer success.
  • Reduce CAC: improve conversion rates, targeting, and sales efficiency.

Common mistakes

  • Using revenue LTV instead of gross profit LTV.
  • Mixing fully-loaded CAC with revenue-based LTV (mismatch).
  • Relying on a single ratio (track payback and cash runway too).

FAQ

Is LTV:CAC of 3* always good-
Not always. If payback is long, you can still run out of cash. For fast-growing businesses, payback and cash constraints often matter more than a single ratio.
Should I use logo churn or revenue churn in LTV-
For accuracy, use cohort-based revenue retention curves (especially if expansion is meaningful). Logo churn is a shortcut that can mislead when revenue per account changes over time.

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Unit economics: CAC, payback, LTV, and LTV:CAC (how to model them)